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* D±º : ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¤ÀÚ
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Á¤ÀÚÀÇ »ýÁ¸¼º (sperm viability)
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ÀÌ»ó Á¤¾×°Ë»ç´Â WHO¿¡¼ 2010³âµµ¿¡ ¾çÀº 1.5c.c ÀÌ»ó Á¤ÀÚ¼ö´Â 15(10©ú/ml)ÀÌ»ó,ÃÑÁ¤ÀÚ¼ö´Â 39(10©ú/ml)ÀÌ»ó, È°µ¿¼ºÀº 40%ÀÌ»ó,vitality(% alive)´Â 58ÀÌ»ó,ÇüÅ¿¡¼ Á¤»óÇüÅ´ 4%ÀÌ»ó ¹éÇ÷±¸´Â 1ÀÌÇÏ(10©ú/ml) ±×·¯³ª man`s fertility status¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀÓÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö¸¸, sole determinant´Â ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
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Æó¼â¼º ¹«Á¤ÀÚÁõ ȯÀÚÀÇ Á¤ÀÚ ÃßÃâ¼ú¿¡´Â TESA (Testicular sperm aspiration), TESE (Testicular sperm extraction) µîÀÌ ½ÃÇàµÈ´Ù.
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½Ã»óÇϺÎÀÇ ¼º¼±ÀÚ±ØÈ£¸£¸ó ºÐºñÈ£¸£¸ó (GnRH) ºÐºñ¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°Ü¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¼±Ãµ¼º Àú¼º¼±ÀÚ±Ø È£¸£¸ó¼º ¼º¼±±â´ÉÀúÇÏÁõ (Hypogonadotroic hypogonadism)ÀÎ Kallman ÁõÈıºÀÇ °æ¿ì HCG/HMG Ä¡·á¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Á¤¾× ³» Á¤ÀÚ¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î º¸Á¶»ý½Ä¼úÀ» ÅëÇÑ ÀÓ½ÅÀ̳ª ÀÚ¿¬ÀÓ½ÅÀ» ±â´ëÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦ ³²¼ººÒÀÓ È¯ÀÚÀÇ ¾à 15%¿¡¼´Â Á¤¾×°Ë»ç°¡ Á¤»ó¼Ò°ßÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. ÃÖ±Ù ³²¼ººÒÀÓÀÇ ¿øÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ ¼º¼÷Á¤ÀÚÀÇ ÇÙ³» DNAÀÇ integrity¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¤ÀÚ ÇÙ³» DNA ¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ºñ´¢±â°úÀû ¹®Á¦·Î´Â Á¤°èÁ¤¸Æ·ù, ¿ä·Î»ý½Ä°è°¨¿°, °í¿, ´ë±â¿À¿°, Èí¿¬, ³ªÀÌ µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ È°¼ºÈ »ê¼ÒÀÇ °ú´Ù ¹ß»ý°ú ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤ÀÚ ÇÙ³» DNA ¼Õ»óÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀӽŠ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó IUI¿Í IVFÀÇ °á°ú¿¡µµ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
< ³²¼º È£¸£¸ó°ú ³²¼º ºÒÀÓÀÇ Ä¡·á >
¡Ü Low androgen levels
¤ýLow testosterone levels may cause spermatogenesis dysfunction.
¤ýThe testosterone level in human testicular veins can reach 50-1,200ng/ml,
which is 250 times that in the surrounding venous blood.
[development and maturation of spermatogenic cells]
require [much higher testosterone levels] in the testis than in the serum.
¡Ü Testosterone¡¯s role
¤ýDecreased testosterone caused sperm elongation failure and make sperm easily detach from Sertoli cells and be absorbed.(Sofikitis N 2005)
¤ýSynergistic effect of testosterone and FSH inhibit apoptosis of Sertoli cells (Tesarik J 1998)
¤ýTestosterone is effective in promoting late-stage differentiation of sperm cells. (Tesarik J 1998)
¡Ü Low testosterone in male infertility
¤ý20-30% of male infertility patients with low testosterone level. (Lombardo F 2005)
¤ýEx) congenital defects of testosterone synthase, Leydig cell hypoplasia, androgen receptor gene mutation, androgen insensitivity syndrome, Kallmann syndrome.
We should not ignore the option of using testosterone as a treatment when testosterone-deficient male patients are diagnosed as infertility.
¡Ü Negative feedback effect of testosterone
¤ýResearchers who hold the opinion that testosterone replacment therapy is not suggested in treatment of idiopathic male infertility are mainly concerned that ¡®testosterone would induce negative feedback¡¯ on HPG axis. (Jan Z 2012)
¤ýResulting in decreased serum gonadotropins and intratesticular testosterone and thereby impairing spermatogenesis. Kallmann syndrome.
¡Ü Negative feedback effect of testosterone
¤ýResearchers who hold the opinion that testosterone replacment therapy is not suggested in treatment of idiopathic male infertility are mainly concerned that ¡®testosterone would induce negative feedback¡¯ on HPG axis. (Jan Z 2012)
¤ýResulting in decreased serum gonadotropins and intratesticular testosterone and thereby impairing spermatogenesis. Kallmann syndrome.
¤ýHowever, inhibiting spermatogenesis by negative feedback with androgens requires substitution that exceeds normal physiological values and a relatively long time course. (Dohle GR 2005)
¤ýShort- (10-day) or long-term (3-month) TU (40 mg t.i.d.) to treat idiopathic oligozoospermia and demonstrated that no marked effect. (Adamopoulos DA 1995)
¡Ü T.U + tamoxifen
¤ýOligozoospermic patients
¤ýTamoxifen citrate, 20 mg/d, + TU, 120 mg/d or placebo treatment for 6 months.
¡Ü Testosterone
¤ýLow dose testosterone does not compromise central and peripheral hormone secretion stimulate epididymal function independently of Leydig cell activity improve sperm quality
¤ýTU (40mg tid) markedly increase serum DHT without gonadotropin changes. (Adamopoulos DA 2003, 2005)
¡Ü T + hCG
¤ýIntratesticular testosterone could be maintained during testosterone replacement therapy by coadministration of a low dose of hCG, which could support continued spermatogenesis. (Hsieh TC, 2013)
¡Ü Rationale of combined treatment
¤ýCombined tamoxifen or low doses of hCG with testosterone
overstimulation of pituitary gonadotropin and Leydig/Sertoli cell secretion + overstimulation of accessory gland secretion and epididymal function
¡Ü Conclusions
¤ýAlthough mono-medicine treatment is not recommended for male infertility, combination therapy with androgens show promising prospects.
¤ýTherefore, this approach should be perfected and verified by well-designed clinical tests.
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