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* D±º : ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¤ÀÚ

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Á¤ÀÚÀÇ »ýÁ¸¼º (sperm viability)
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¾àÁ¤ÀÚÁõ
Á¤ÀÚ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ (sprem movement) ÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ÀǹÌÇϸç, ´Üµ¶À¸·Î ¿À±âº¸´Ù´Â oligospermia¿Í ashtenospermia¿Í ÇÔ²² ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù. ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î´Â Á¤°èÁ¤¸Æ·ù¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °ú·Î, ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


ÀÌ»ó Á¤¾×°Ë»ç´Â WHO¿¡¼­ 2010³âµµ¿¡ ¾çÀº 1.5c.c ÀÌ»ó Á¤ÀÚ¼ö´Â 15(10©ú/ml)ÀÌ»ó,ÃÑÁ¤ÀÚ¼ö´Â 39(10©ú/ml)ÀÌ»ó, È°µ¿¼ºÀº 40%ÀÌ»ó,vitality(% alive)´Â 58ÀÌ»ó,ÇüÅ¿¡¼­ Á¤»óÇüÅ´ 4%ÀÌ»ó ¹éÇ÷±¸´Â 1ÀÌÇÏ(10©ú/ml) ±×·¯³ª man`s fertility status¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀÓÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö¸¸, sole determinant´Â ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

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¾ÏȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ »ý½Ä´É·ÂÀ» º¸Á¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ȯÀÚ°¡ Ä¡·á Àü Á¤¾×À» º¸°üÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¹Àº ¾ÏȯÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ï Áø´Ü ´ç½Ã ¾Ï ±× ÀÚü·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Á¤ÀÚº¸°ü (sperm banking)À» À§ÇÑ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ ±âÁØÀ» ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº Á¤ÀÚ »óŸ¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. È£ÁöŲº´ ȯÀÚÀÇ 23%¿Í °íȯ»ý½Ä¼¼Æ÷Á¾¾ç ȯÀÚÀÇ 66%¸¸ÀÌ ³Ãµ¿º¸°ü¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ Á¤ÀÚ»óŸ¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³²¼ººÒÀÓÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Ã¼¿Ü¼öÁ¤ (IVF)°ú ¹Ì¼¼Á¶ÀÛ±â¼ú ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼ö¸¹Àº °æÇèÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ±â¼úÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀº ¸¹Àº ¾ÏȯÀڵ鿡°Ô¼­ Ä¡·á Àü Á¤¾×À» ³Ãµ¿º¸°üÇÏ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» ³ô¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ Á¤¾×À» °¡Áø ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼­µµ Á¤ÀÚÀÇ ³Ãµ¿º¸°üÀ» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ³ôÀº ¼º°ø·üÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î Á¤¾×º¸Á¸À» ÀÚ½ÅÀÖ°Ô ±ÇÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÇÇÐÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ¸·Î ´ëºÎºÐ ¾ÏȯÀÚµéÀº ¾ÏÀ̶ó´Â Áúº´À» Àß ±Øº¹ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹Ì·¡ °¡Á·°èȹÀ» ±¸»óÇϴµ¥ Å« µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¾à¹°¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î ÁÖ·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â Ephedrine, Imipramine ±×¸®°í Phenylpropanolamine µî°ú °°Àº ±³°¨½Å°æÀ¯»çÀÛ¿ë ¾à¹°µéÀº Èĺ¹¸·¸²ÇÁÀýÀüÀýÁ¦¼ú ÈÄ¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ªÇ༺»çÁ¤ ȯÀÚÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù.

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Æó¼â¼º ¹«Á¤ÀÚÁõ ȯÀÚÀÇ Á¤ÀÚ ÃßÃâ¼ú¿¡´Â TESA (Testicular sperm aspiration), TESE (Testicular sperm extraction) µîÀÌ ½ÃÇàµÈ´Ù.
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½Ã»óÇϺÎÀÇ ¼º¼±ÀÚ±ØÈ£¸£¸ó ºÐºñÈ£¸£¸ó (GnRH) ºÐºñ¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°Ü¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¼±Ãµ¼º Àú¼º¼±ÀÚ±Ø È£¸£¸ó¼º ¼º¼±±â´ÉÀúÇÏÁõ (Hypogonadotroic hypogonadism)ÀÎ Kallman ÁõÈıºÀÇ °æ¿ì HCG/HMG Ä¡·á¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Á¤¾× ³» Á¤ÀÚ¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î º¸Á¶»ý½Ä¼úÀ» ÅëÇÑ ÀÓ½ÅÀ̳ª ÀÚ¿¬ÀÓ½ÅÀ» ±â´ëÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦ ³²¼ººÒÀÓ È¯ÀÚÀÇ ¾à 15%¿¡¼­´Â Á¤¾×°Ë»ç°¡ Á¤»ó¼Ò°ßÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. ÃÖ±Ù ³²¼ººÒÀÓÀÇ ¿øÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ ¼º¼÷Á¤ÀÚÀÇ ÇÙ³» DNAÀÇ integrity¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¤ÀÚ ÇÙ³» DNA ¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ºñ´¢±â°úÀû ¹®Á¦·Î´Â Á¤°èÁ¤¸Æ·ù, ¿ä·Î»ý½Ä°è°¨¿°, °í¿­, ´ë±â¿À¿°, Èí¿¬, ³ªÀÌ µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ È°¼ºÈ­ »ê¼ÒÀÇ °ú´Ù ¹ß»ý°ú ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤ÀÚ ÇÙ³» DNA ¼Õ»óÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀӽŠ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó IUI¿Í IVFÀÇ °á°ú¿¡µµ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

< ³²¼º È£¸£¸ó°ú ³²¼º ºÒÀÓÀÇ Ä¡·á >

¡Ü Low androgen levels

¤ýLow testosterone levels may cause spermatogenesis dysfunction.

¤ýThe testosterone level in human testicular veins can reach 50-1,200ng/ml,
   which is 250 times that in the surrounding venous blood.
   [development and maturation of spermatogenic cells]
   require [much higher testosterone levels] in the testis than in the serum.

¡Ü Testosterone¡¯s role

¤ýDecreased testosterone caused sperm elongation failure and make sperm easily
   detach from Sertoli cells and be absorbed.(Sofikitis N 2005)

¤ýSynergistic effect of testosterone and FSH inhibit apoptosis of Sertoli cells
   (Tesarik J 1998)

¤ýTestosterone is effective in promoting late-stage differentiation of sperm cells.
   (Tesarik J 1998)

¡Ü Low testosterone in male infertility

¤ý20-30% of male infertility patients with low testosterone level. (Lombardo F 2005)

¤ýEx) congenital defects of testosterone synthase, Leydig cell hypoplasia,
   androgen receptor gene mutation, androgen insensitivity syndrome,
   Kallmann syndrome.

We should not ignore the option of using testosterone as a treatment when testosterone-deficient male patients are diagnosed as infertility.

¡Ü Negative feedback effect of testosterone

¤ýResearchers who hold the opinion that testosterone replacment therapy is not
   suggested in treatment of idiopathic male infertility are mainly concerned that
   ¡®testosterone would induce negative feedback¡¯ on HPG axis. (Jan Z 2012)

¤ýResulting in decreased serum gonadotropins and intratesticular testosterone and
   thereby impairing spermatogenesis. Kallmann syndrome.

¡Ü Negative feedback effect of testosterone

¤ýResearchers who hold the opinion that testosterone replacment therapy is not
   suggested in treatment of idiopathic male infertility are mainly concerned that
   ¡®testosterone would induce negative feedback¡¯ on HPG axis. (Jan Z 2012)

¤ýResulting in decreased serum gonadotropins and intratesticular testosterone and
   thereby impairing spermatogenesis. Kallmann syndrome.


¤ýHowever, inhibiting spermatogenesis by negative feedback with androgens requires
   substitution that exceeds normal physiological values and a relatively long time
   course.
(Dohle GR 2005)

¤ýShort- (10-day) or long-term (3-month) TU (40 mg t.i.d.) to treat idiopathic
   oligozoospermia and demonstrated that no marked effect. (Adamopoulos DA 1995)

¡Ü T.U + tamoxifen



¤ýOligozoospermic patients

¤ýTamoxifen citrate, 20 mg/d, + TU, 120 mg/d or placebo treatment for 6 months.

¡Ü Testosterone

¤ýLow dose testosterone does not compromise central and peripheral hormone
   secretion stimulate epididymal function independently of Leydig cell activity improve
   sperm quality

¤ýTU (40mg tid) markedly increase serum DHT without gonadotropin changes.
   (Adamopoulos DA 2003, 2005)

¡Ü T + hCG



¤ýIntratesticular testosterone could be maintained during testosterone replacement
   therapy by coadministration of a low dose of hCG, which could support continued
   spermatogenesis. (Hsieh TC, 2013)

¡Ü Rationale of combined treatment

¤ýCombined tamoxifen or low doses of hCG with testosterone

overstimulation of pituitary gonadotropin and Leydig/Sertoli cell secretion
+
overstimulation of accessory gland secretion and epididymal function

¡Ü Conclusions

¤ýAlthough mono-medicine treatment is not recommended for male infertility,
   combination therapy with androgens show promising prospects.

¤ýTherefore, this approach should be perfected and verified by well-designed
   clinical tests.